Structural and Biological Characteristics of a Novel Hydroxyapatite–Sodium Alginate-Based Biocomposite Material for Dental Implants

Materials intended for bone and dental implants must possess biocompatibility and good mechanical strength. To enhance these qualities, a novel hydroxyapatite–sodium alginate-based biocomposite was created by using wet precipitation technique. The XRD of the original and modified specimen closely matched the hydroxyapatite (HAp), and the presence of distinct HAp peaks in FTIR spectra endorsed the successful synthesis of both HAp and modified hydroxyapatite–sodium alginate. The SEM images vividly exhibited porosity in the modified specimen, with a recorded density of 3.1 g/cm. The peak microhardness value, 26.4 GPa, was attained in the optimized composition. As the dopant concentration increased, the antibacterial activity of the hydroxyapatite–sodium alginate-based composite also increased. The absence of dopant ion leakage under physiological circumstances was confirmed by a 35-day examination of ion release in simulated body fluids. The results indicate that the developed composite holds substantial potential as a material suitable for teeth and bone implants, owing to its mechanical and biological characteristics.