Unravelling Battery Interface: Speciation and Structure

Interface speciation and structure significantly influence a battery's energy density, cycle life, and safety. However, the reduced signal strength and inherent fragility pose significant challenges when conducting the ex-situ and destructive characterizations. In this talk, I will initially provide an overview of surface science methodologies tailored to address interface-related issues in batteries, showcasing their practical applications. Subsequently, I will delve into the considerable promise of angle-resolved spectroscopy for discerning intricate interfacial speciation. Finally, I will introduce an innovative technique, time-resolved electrocapillarity, capable of offering precise insights into potential and concentration distribution across the electrode/electrolyte interface.<br/><br/>Acknowledge: This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-NE0009286 and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 2239690.