Effective and Sustainable Cs⁺ Remediation via Exchangeable Sodium-Ion Sites in Graphene Oxide Fibers

The uncontrolled release of radionuclides following the Fukusima incident has prompted the need for rapid, stable, and sustainable radionuclide-capturing materials. If the intrinsic problems related to the slow adsorption, low capacity, and complexity of surface modulation methods are solved, graphene oxide (GO) structures can be utilized for effective cesium (Cs⁺) remediation. This study presents sodium-infused GO fibers with a highly efficient Cs⁺ capture ability (150–220 mg g⁻¹ capacity within a 30-min saturation time) and consistent regeneration ability. The crucial role of sodium in GO colloid assemblies and the highly efficient and sustainable Cs⁺ remediation functionality is investigated.