Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles—Impacts Across the Entire Life Cycle

Materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) come from across the globe to the United States, leaving a variety of impacts along the way, both positive and negative, ranging from opportunities for economic growth to possible habitat destruction to disruption of sacred ground to emissions that must be mitigated. This presentation will track the batteries through their entire lifecycle from materials in the ground through transportation, manufacture, and use, via possible repurposing, all the way to recycling to characterize energy use and emissions, and to identify the inequities that unavoidably arise in any supply chain.