Imaging Magnetic Skyrmions and Perpendicular Domains under Voltage Control in Metallic Multilayers and 2D Materials.

X-ray Photoemission electron microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy permit to image strain-coupled ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domains with submicron spatial resolution, thus revealing novel magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic heterostructures.<br/>Here, we employ these complementary techniques to demonstrate voltage manipulation of skyrmions and perpendicular domains in magnetic multilayers and 2D materials overlying PMN-PT ferroelectric substrates. The resulting local magnetoelectric effects include transition from worm-like to skyrmion states, stripe domain displacement, nucleation/annihilation of isolated skyrmions and local magnetisation reversals.