The Influence of Ionic and Electronic Interaction in Single- and Dual-Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Circuits

<br/>Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are currently in the spotlight of research for diverse applications. Among all, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) stand out as organic synaptic devices for integrated bioelectronics, leading to neuromorphic computing applications, thanks to the ionic and electronic interactions in OMIECs. However, the interplay between ionic and electronic transport is usually seen as unfavorable in OECT-based circuits. From the circuit design perspective, it is complicated to include the ionic and electronic interactions in the differential equations and predict the circuit response. Therefore, it is vital to understand the interplay between ionic and electronic conduction for engineering OMIEC-based circuits. Here, we show an OECT with photo-patternable solid electrolyte advancing towards integrated circuits. We discuss how the ionic and electronic interaction influences the OECT-based circuit response and how alterable device parameters can be employed to adjust the circuit performance. In particular, we demonstrate how the biasing conditions govern the time constant of OECTs. In addition, we discuss how a dual-gate OECT architecture can be employed to tune the threshold voltage of OECTs and control the ionic and electronic charge transport in the electrolyte and OMIECs. The electrical analysis of solid-state electrolyte OECTs provides new insights stimulating higher investigations on ionic and electronic interactions and coupled transport properties in OMIECs and paves the foundation towards the integration of OECTs for advanced applications.