Suppressed Electronic Contribution in Thermal Conductivity of Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te

Integrated nanophotonics is an emerging research direction that has attracted great interests for technologies ranging from classical to quantum computing. One of the key-components in the development of nanophotonic circuits is the phase-change unit that undergoes solid-state phase transformation upon thermal excitation. The quaternary alloy, Ge₂Sb₂Se₄Te (GSST), is one of the most promising material candidates for application in photonic circuits due to its broadband transparency and large optical contrast in the infrared spectrum. Here, we investigate the thermal properties of GSST and show that upon substituting Te with Se, the thermal transport transitions from an electron dominated to a phonon dominated regime. By implementing an ultrafast mid-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy technique that allows for direct monitoring of electronic and vibrational energy carrier lifetimes in these materials, we find that this reduction in thermal conductivity is a result of a drastic change in electronic lifetimes of GSST, leading to a transition from an electron-dominated to a phonon-dominated thermal transport mechanism upon Se substitution. In addition to thermal conductivity measurements, we provide an extensive study on the thermophysical properties of GSST thin films such as thermal boundary conductance, specific heat, and sound speed from room temperature to 400 °C across varying thicknesses.