Cellulose Based High Performance Ambient Water Harvesting

Emerging atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technologies promise water supply to underdeveloped regions that have no access to liquid water resources. The prevailing AWH systems, including condensation- or sorption-based, mostly rely on a single mechanism and thus have a limited range of working conditions and inferior performance. We synergistically integrate multiple mechanisms, including thermosorption effect, radiative cooling, and multiscale cellulose-water interactions, and demonstrate a low-cost (~ 4 USD kg− 1) and high performance (up to 6.75 L kg− 1 day− 1 in field tests) AWH system requiring zero active energy input. The proposed system consists of a highly scalable and sustainable cellulose scaffold impregnated with hygroscopic deliquescent lithium chloride (LiCl) salt. Cellulose scaffold and coated LiCl synergistically interact with water at different scales from molecular, to nanometer, and micrometer scales, providing a fast harvesting rate and high yield over a wide operation range. Iterating radiative cooling and solar heating workflow achieves simultaneous enhancement of water capture and release through the so-called temperature-swing strategy. The captured water in return facilitates radiative cooling due to the intrinsically high infrared (IR) emissivity of the LiCl-cellulose composite. With our simple yet effective material design, the AWH working range extends to lower than ~ 10% relative humidity (RH), and the water uptake in the controlled lab test reaches 16 kg kg− 1 at 90% RH (sample at 19°C, i.e. 6°C below 25°C ambient temperature). In addition, we propose a theoretical model capable of elucidating the experimental water uptake curves and demonstrating the synergy among cellulose-LiCl-water-energy interaction. The promising performance emphasizes the potential of involving multiple AWH mechanisms and points to an alternative pathway to stimulate future improvement.