Possible Continuous (Successive) Fabrication of Nano-Structured Inorganic Materials via Soft, Solution Processing without Firing of Powders

Practical devices would be better to be fabricated via continuous and/or successive Processes. Presently,however, they have generally been fabricated artificially and/or industrially by so-called high-technology, where high temperature, high pressure, vacuum, molecule, atom, ion, plasma, etc. using expensive equipments thus they consumed huge amount of resources and energies thus exhausted huge amounts of wastes: materials, heats and entropy. The major reasons might be 1) The reactants should be nano-sized species, 2) high-energy reaction might be required, thus 3) They cost economically and environmentally. To save this tragedy, a) we must consider “Cascade use of Heats”, and b) “Low energy Production of advanced materials via solution-based technologies.” c) Continuous(Successive) Fabrication will be possible in solution process(es).<br/>We proposed in 1995 an innovative concept and technology, “Soft Processing” or “Soft Solution Processing,” which aims low energetic (=environmentally friendly) fabrication of shaped, sized, located, and oriented inorganic materials in/from solutions. When we have activated/stimulated interfacial reactions locally and/or moved the reaction point dynamically, we can get patterned ceramic films directly in solution without any firing, masking nor etching. Direct Patterning of CdS, PbS and CaWO4 on papers by Ink-Jet Reaction method. Furthermore, we have succeeded to fabricate BaTiO3 patterns on Ti by a laser beam scanning and carbon patterns on Si by plasma using a needle electrode scanning directly in solutions. Successes in TiO2 and CeO2 patterns by Ink-Jet Deposition, where nano-particles are nucleated and grown successively on the surface of substrate thus become dense even below 300 C will be presented. Nano-structured films of BaTiO3 and direct carbon patterning in solution will be also talked^{. 1-}³⁾They are rather contrasting with recent General Solution Studies :3D Printing and Additive Engineering based upon Firing of Powders after Printing. I may talk about nanocarbon and graphene ^4-5).<br/><br/>MRS Bulletin, 25, Sept. issue 2000, special issue for Soft Processing of Advanced Inorganic Materials, Guest Editor: M. Yoshimura and J. Livage.<br/>Yoshimura, M., J. Mater. Sci., 41, 1299-1306 (2006).<br/>Yoshimura, M., Procedia Engineering, 171, 40-52 (2017).<br/>Yoshimura, M., et al The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, 19983-19988 (2017).<br/>M Yoshimura, J Sentilnathan, Chat. 9 in “Lithium-Ion Batteries and Solar Cells”, CRC (2021).