All-Printed Stretchable Integrated Electrochemical Sensing System with Digitized Electrochromic Display

The rapidly developing flexible wearable sensing systems commonly rely on wireless communication or colorimetric assays for data interfacing, which cannot operate independently and requires external electronics to obtain exact numerical data. In this work, we present a wearable sensing epidermal patch with dedicated batteries as the energy supply and an electrochromic display for data visualization, all integrated into a highly compact, stretchable form factor. The patch can operate with multiple types of sensing mechanisms for electrolyte and metabolite monitoring, rapidly displaying the sensing result within a second. Fabricated via layer-by-layer screen-printing of customized elastomeric composite inks, the device demonstrates high flexibility and stretchability enduring thousands of stretching deformation cycles without affecting its performance. Merging low-power consumption, autonomous operation, and superior mechanical performance, the device is of high practicality and convenience for various applications in professional sports, personalized wellness management, and beyond.