The Ancient Egyptians mastered the art and the science of the preparation of synthetic blue and green pigments as well as making a number of advances in the utilization of naturally occurring mineral pigments. The combination of these approaches to colour resulted in the ancient Egyptians having the most diverse pigment palette of any ancient civilization. In this talk, Dr. Scott will concentrate on the examination of some examples, drawn from recent work carried out in collaboration with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Petrie Museum, University College London, and the Museum of Man in San Diego. Not only are there problems in determining what the original pigments used actually were, but the thousands of years which separate us in time has resulted in different forms of degradation affecting these materials which complicates their identification.BIOGRAPHY: David Scott gained a B.Sc. degree in Chemistry from the University of Reading, UK, followed by a BA degree in Archaeological Conservation from the Institute of Archaeology, London, followed by a PhD in ancient metallurgy from University College, London in 1982. In 1981 he began teaching conservation at the Institute of Archaeology, London until 1987 when he was hired by the Getty Conservation Institute as Head of the Museum Research Laboratory, based at the Getty Villa Museum in Malibu. In 2003 he joined the faculty of UCLA to start up the new Masters Degree in Conservation, a joint venture with the Getty Trust. The program began to accept its first students in 2005, marking the beginning of the first graduate conservation training program for archaeological and ethnographic materials on the West Coast of North America.Dr. Scott has published over 90 papers and three books, the latest of which "Iron and Steel in Art: Corrosion, Colorants, Conservation" will be published in 2009 by Archetype Press, London. His book on "Copper and Bronze in Art: Corrosion, Colorants, Conservation" published in 2002, won the first prize from the American Association of Publishers as the best Scholarly/Art book published in 2002. The book won a number of other awards and was included in a book tour across many US University Campuses in 2003. Dr. Scott works primarily on the examination of metallic artefacts, their conservation, corrosion and authenticity, and on ancient pigments. His interest in ancient Egyptian pigments was spurred by his discovery of the use of copper-proteinate pigments on an ancient Egyptian cartonnage in the collections of the University of Southern California, and his work on Egyptian green pigments continues with a collaboration with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where a survey of the collection is being undertaken for this purpose. In his spare time, Dr. Scott enjoys chess and woodwork construction.

AbstractBy the year 2050, the world will have about 9 billion people, who will need clean water, food, access to health care and information, and robust and equitable economies. Infrastructure will need to be restored or, in the developing world created, in light of increasing energy constraints and climate change. New approaches will be needed to sustain manufacturing and agriculture in light of these constraints. The central question is clear: How do we meet these society-changing challenges so that we have prosperous societies in 2050? A key part of this “2050 Challenge” falls on educators, who must prepare students to meet these challenges. The College of Engineering at Iowa State has made the “2050 Challenge” a central part of its strategic vision and has begun to develop and implement new educational opportunities for its students. In today’s talk, we will discuss one of these - a study-abroad class entitled “Applied methods in sustainable engineering and international development” taught in a village in Mali, a country in western sub-saharan Africa. BiographyRichard LeSar earned an undergraduate degree in chemistry from the University of Michigan and a masters in physics and Ph. D. in chemical physics from Harvard University. He spent the next twenty-plus years at Los Alamos National Laboratory, first as a postdoctoral fellow and then as a staff scientist, with a few stints in management along the way. He joined the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Iowa State University in 2006 as Professor and Chair of the department. His research is in computational materials science. His group is currently focussed on a number of problems, ranging from dislocation-based plasticity to grain stability at high temperatures to polymers and biomaterials.Since coming to Iowa State, Professor LeSar has developed a passion for the development of curricula to prepare undergraduate engineering students to meet the challenges of the 21st century. He co-teaches an undergraduate course on appropriate technology in Mali as well as a companion course held at Iowa State. He is developing new campus-wide classes and degrees on sustainability. He also serves on the Materials and Society committee of the TMS. Dr. Mark Bryden, coauthor of the talk and co-advisor in the Mali program, is an Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Iowa State University and Program Director of Simulation, Modeling and Decision Science in the Ames Laboratory. He has a long interest in creating stoves for the developing world and is President of Engineers in Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities of Service (ETHOS), whose purpose is to facilitate research and development of appropriate technology.

Cross-cultural engineering brings highly skilled volunteers and critical technology into developing communities worldwide, but what does it bring to engineering and engineers? Intrepid engineers who work with organizations like Engineers Without Borders (EWB-USA) and Engineers for a Sustainable World (ESW) often refer to their experiences and friendships abroad with terms like “life changing” and “inspirational” but for a moment we will set aside these personal memories and perspectives, and instead consider how cross-cultural engineering may nourish science, scientists, and the global (eco)village. Based on several small projects in Mali, we explore how cross-cultural engineering contributes to the scientific community; cross-cultural engineering inspires creative and compassionate scientists, it challenges and offers alternative perspectives to the scientific community, and it promotes international understanding and an ecohumanist agenda for science. BiographyScott Lacy is Marjorie Shostak Distinguished Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology at Emory University. He is also the founder and Executive Director of African Sky, Inc., a non-profit organization that serves hard-working farm families in rural Mali, West Africa. His research interests include: sustainable development, food production, and intellectual property rights associated with participatory plant breeding. Lacy earned his PhD in Anthropology at UC Santa Barbara where he taught in the Department of Black Studies. Lacy has worked in Mali since 1994 when he served in the Peace Corps.Currently Lacy is working with two EWB-USA projects in Mali. Over the past several years Lacy has worked with several EWB-USA chapters.Stateside, he has presented interactive workshops and lectures at EWB-USA events and conferences throughout the country (Columbia University, Georgia Tech, UC Santa Barbara, University of Missouri-Rolla, and Washington University at St. Louis).

Comet 81P/Wild 2 has spent most of the last 4.6 Gyr in the Kuiper belt beyond the orbit of Neptune, a pristine remnant of the material that was used to form the solar system. In 1974 a close encounter with Jupiter radically changed its orbit and made possible a NASA mission to sweep a satellite through the tail of the comet as it approached the sun, collecting the tiny particles present in the comet tail. The Stardust mission, launched in 1999, intercepted the comet in January 2004 and safely landed in Utah in January 2006. The cometary material, consisting of grains ranging from 10 microns down to <2 nm, was collected in aerogel, a very low density (~3 mg/cm3) silica foam, to minimize the effects of deceleration from 6.1 km/s. The samples have been studied by a wide variety of analytical instruments including transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry and x-ray diffraction, fluorescence and microscopy. I will present tomographic reconstructions of x-ray images collected using the new full-field x-ray microscope at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). I will also present highlights of the research being performed world-wide on these unique samples, the first extra-terrestrial solid samples from a known parent body returned to earth since the Luna 24 mission in 1976.Dr. Brennan received is Ph.D. in Materials Science from Stanford University in 1982 and recently retired from the SLAC. His recent research included x-ray scattering measurements of the structure of liquid water as well as x-ray microscopy of cometary materials and mouse bone nanostructure.