A Fibrous Matrix Immobilized with Milk Exosomes for Improved Wound Healing

This study aims to provide an advanced therapy for wound recovery by immobilizing pasteurized bovine milk-derived exosomes (mEXO) onto a polydopamine (PDA)-coated hyaluronic acid (HA)-based electrospun nanofibrous matrix (mEXO@PMAT) using a straightforward dip-coating technique. The goal of this study is to create a wound-healing biomaterial that is composed of mEXO-immobilized mesh. mEXOs that have been purified and measured at approximately 82 nanometers contain a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with collagen synthesis, cell proliferation, and anti-inflammatory properties. These miRNAs include let-7b, miR-184, and miR-181a. These miRNAs are responsible for eliciting increased mRNA expression of keratin5, keratin14, and collagen1 in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and fibroblasts (HDF). During the course of fourteen days, the mEXOs that have been immobilized onto the PDA-coated meshes are progressively freed from the meshes without experiencing a burst-out effect. In the cells that have been treated with HaCaTs and HDF, the degree of in vitro cell migration is greatly increased in the cells that have been treated with mEXO@PMAT. This is in comparison to the cells that have been treated with unmodified or PDA-coated meshes. A further benefit of the mEXO@PMAT is that it facilitates substantially quicker wound closure in vivo without causing any noticeable toxicity. Therefore, the prolonged liberation of bioactive mEXO from the meshes has the potential to significantly promote cell proliferation in vitro and accelerate wound closure in vivo. This has the potential to be utilized by mEXO@PMAT as a promising biomaterial for wound healing.