Unraveling the Complexities of Li Metal for Solid State Batteries

Li-metal anodes are a key enabling technology for next-generation high-energy batteries, including Li–S, Li-air, and high-voltage cathodes. While most research enabling Li metal focuses on electrolyte design, especially in the solid state, the nature of the Li metal itself has a significant impact on the performance of both solid- and liquid-based batteries. Recent work has highlighted that both the microstructure and the surfaces of Li metal can vary dramatically from source to source. This presentation will cover 1) the different methods of making thin Li metal for high energy batteries, 2) the impact of the surface on the performance, 3) the impact of the microstructure on the performance, and 4) the role of Li metal mechanics across length scales and the impact on battery performance. Our data clearly shows that engineering Li metal for the specific battery designs is as critical to the performance of solid-state batteries as any other component. As approaches to tailor and engineer Li metal improve, significant progress towards robust and competitive high energy batteries will be possible.

Acknowledgement: This work was sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technology Office (VTO) battery materials research program and the US-German Collaboration on Energy Storage: Lithium-Solid-Electrolyte Interfaces.