In-Situ/Operando Bragg Coherent X-Ray Diffraction Imaging for Visualization of Nanoscale Structural Evolution

In the last two decades, Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (BCDI) has become a powerful non-destructive 3D characterization tool for features in nanoscale [1]. Because of unique sensitivity to lattice, BCDI has been employed on various nano-scaled materials such as metal, metal oxide, and mineral, to reveal 3D map of lattice distortion and strain distribution. Adding in-situ and operando approaches to BCDI enables to address scientific questions on physics, chemistry, and materials science in recent years.<br/>In this talk, I will introduce current state-of-art of BCDI and recent experimental results on in-situ and operando BCDI. Annealing effect on gold grains on thin films [2], relaxation of strain inside quantum materials such as nanodiamond and silicon carbide [3, 4]. Strain and defect in battery materials [5] and in catalysts [6] will be discussed. In addition, some estimates of BCDI in the near future will be discussed.<br/><br/>[1] M. A. Pfeifer, et al., Nature 442, 63 (2006).<br/>[2] A. Yau, et al., Science 356, 739 (2017).<br/>[3] S. O. Hruszkewycz, et al., APL Mater. 5, 026105 (2017).<br/>[4] S. O. Hruszkewycz, et al., Phys. Rev. Mater. 2, 086001 (2018).<br/>[5] A. Singer, et al., Nat. Energy 3, 641 (2018).<br/>[6] D. Kim, et al., Nature Communications, 9, 3422 (2018).