Design Principles for Protein Polymer Networks in Biomimetic Red Blood Cells

In light of the global blood shortage, the development of artificial blood has become crucial. Synthetic red blood cells (RBCs), a major component of artificial blood, hold the potential to transform transfusion medicine by mitigating infection risks and blood type matching issues common in allogeneic transfusions. These RBC substitutes also offer extended shelf life, making them essential for emergencies and healthcare in remote areas. However, current artificial oxygen carriers, primarily based on hemoglobin (Hb), face complications such as toxicity and non-specific interactions, underscoring the need for effective and stable Hb transport vehicles. <br/><br/>Existing transport vehicles face challenges due to instability and a high likelihood of being filtered out by organs such as the kidneys, spleen, and liver, likely due to their mechanical properties differing markedly from those of natural RBCs. Our research addresses these challenges by replicating the superior properties of natural RBCs, such as reversible stretchability and fatigue resistance, through the innovative design of protein polymer networks. These networks are engineered to mimic the well-organized structures and mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton, forming the core of our RBC-mimicking microparticles.<br/><br/>In this talk, I will discuss the principles of protein polymer design to construct networks that can replicate the mechanical properties of natural RBCs. By focusing on specific proteins that provide reversible stretchability and fatigue resistance, and employing precise protein polymer topology and crosslinking strategies, we aim to develop a well-organized protein polymer network that mimics the cytoskeletal structure of RBCs. This approach is expected to advance artificial blood technology and drive innovations in tissue engineering and drug delivery, ultimately contributing to improved healthcare outcomes.