Catalyst Structure Design for Enhancing Hydrogen Fuel Cell Performance

As climate change intensifies, hydrogen fuel cells have garnered attention as next-generation energy conversion devices. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are prominently applied in transportation, power generation, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles due to their eco-friendliness, solid electrolyte, and high power density. However, PEMFCs encounter significant performance degradation in real-world operating environments. Numerous research efforts have addressed these issues, but solutions still need to be improved, and the fundamental resolution of these challenges still needs to be discovered. This study aims to provide an integrated solution by designing a catalyst that encapsulates platinum nanoparticles within a multifunctional carbon shell, offering protective and molecular sieve functions. In the PEMFC operating environment, the carbon shell significantly mitigates membrane electrode assembly (MEA) degradation by preventing platinum nanoparticle agglomeration and dissolution and enhancing catalyst selectivity. Furthermore, incorporating high-performance, high-durability metal-organic framework (MOF) materials aims to improve the active metal nanoparticles and the overall catalyst performance. This catalyst design is anticipated to be a promising strategy for maintaining PEMFC performance and maximizing its lifespan.