Enhanced Properties of Artificial Nano Cells by Adjustment of Aspect Ratio

The shape of nanoparticles is a crucial factor that can regulate their in vivo stability and therapeutic effect. Numerous studies have been conducted to create artificial antigen-presenting cells by controlling the shape of micro- and nanoparticles. These studies have consistently demonstrated that adjusting the shape can significantly enhance the in vivo stability and the effectiveness of T cell activation. For instance, certain shapes may facilitate longer circulation times in the bloodstream, better evasion from the immune system, and improved targeting of specific tissues or cells. The geometry of the nanoparticles can influence their cellular uptake, distribution, and interaction with biological systems, which in turn impacts their overall therapeutic efficacy.<br/>Despite the growing attention to cell membrane camouflage technology, which involves coating nanoparticles with cell membranes to improve biocompatibility and evade immune detection, there is still limited knowledge about the differences in therapeutic effects due to the shape control of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. Cell membrane coating has shown promise in enhancing the functional properties of nanoparticles, such as prolonging circulation time, reducing immunogenicity, and improving targeting capabilities. However, the interplay between the shape of these nanoparticles and the cell membrane coating in determining therapeutic outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated.<br/>In this study, we sought to bridge this knowledge gap by comparing the therapeutic effects of antigen-presenting nanoparticles coated with cell membranes while systematically adjusting their aspect ratios. By varying the aspect ratio, we could examine how changes in shape influence the stability of the cell membrane coating and the subsequent therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles. Specifically, we aimed to understand whether certain shapes could enhance the robustness of the cell membrane coating, thereby improving the nanoparticles' ability to activate T cells and exert therapeutic effects.<br/>We first synthesized nanoparticles with different aspect ratios and coated them with dendritic cell membranes to utilize their antigen-presenting capabilities. We then conducted a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments to assess the stability of the cell membrane coating over time, the activation of T cells, and the overall therapeutic outcomes in relevant disease models. Our analysis included evaluating parameters such as cell membrane coating stability, immune evasion, and targeting accuracy. Our findings indicate that the aspect ratio of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles plays a significant role in determining their therapeutic effectiveness. By demonstrating that aspect ratio adjustments can influence the stability and therapeutic effects of these nanoparticles, our research opens up new possibilities for the design and optimization of next-generation nanomedicines.