Unraveling Charge Transport and Passivation Effects in Perovskite Solar Cells with Different Modifications for Enhanced Performance and Stability

Perovskite solar cells, which have emerged in the last decade, have garnered significant interest and growth due to their exceptional properties such as high absorption coefficients, efficient charge carrier mobilities, solution processibility, low cost, and compatibility with roll-to-roll industrial processing. Despite the excitement and potential surrounding this rapidly advancing photovoltaic technology, challenges remain in comprehending the fundamentals of charge carrier transport, material composition, and film growth dynamics. Additionally, degradation and instability continue to be major obstacles to commercialization.
Firstly, the presented studies explore intriguing results from modifications made to the solar cell devices' electron transfer layer (SnO2) vices using chlorinated alkali salts (Li, Na, and K) in the classical perovskite structure CH3NH3PbI3Firstly the studies explore intriguing results from modifications made to the solar cell devices' electron transfer layer (SnO₂) vices using chlorinated alkali salts (Li, Na, and K) in the classical perovskite structure CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Secondly, wide-bandgap compositions, including CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ and the mixed iodide-bromide system (CH₃NH₃PbI_3xBr_3(1-x)), were examined as photoactive layers to evaluate their potential in tandem solar cells. A significant portion of the research focuses on tracking the degradation profiles of these devices at different load conditions, such as continuous illumination and maximum power point tracking. Performance and stability experiments utilize advanced and novel spectroscopic techniques. Lastly, a few unusual degradation pathways in perovskite solar cells and observations made by incorporating piezoceramic material into the photovoltaic architecture, resembling the memory effect, are briefly introduced. The insights gained may help address some of the critical challenges in the field.