Silk Fibroin/Starch-Based Microporous Hemostatic Sponge for Structural Retentivity and Contact Activation During Coagulation

Hemostatic agents of various types and materials are essential for controlling excessive bleeding during surgery and improving visibility. Proper application of these agents significantly reduces the risk of dehydration, oxygen deficiency, and even death. Polysaccharide-based hemostatic agents have been scientifically validated for human use and are widely employed in clinical settings. Among polysaccharides, starch exhibits exceptional swelling capacity, though its use has been limited to powdered formulations for controlling non-compressible bleeding.<br/>In this study, a combination of starch and silk protein was crosslinked with glycerol to enhance structural strength. The silk/starch solution was then lyophilized, creating a sponge with interconnected pores. This process confirmed that clot formation was promoted due to increased swelling capacity and improved water retention for plasma absorption. Additionally, direct contact between the sponge and blood components activated coagulation through the intrinsic pathway and platelet response, without causing hemolytic or cytotoxic effects. Bleeding tests using animal models demonstrated the clinical efficacy of the silk/starch sponge as a local hemostatic agent.