December 1 - 6, 2024
Boston, Massachusetts
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2024 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit
EN02.07.03

Fabrication and Analysis of GeSe Thin Film Solar Cells Using Close Space Sublimation Deposition

When and Where

Dec 3, 2024
4:15pm - 4:30pm
Hynes, Level 1, Room 107

Presenter(s)

Co-Author(s)

Bradley Lewis1,Thomas Shalvey1,Christopher Don1,Daniya Sindi1,2,Mounib Bahri1,Jon Major1

University of Liverpool1,Umm Al-Qura University2

Abstract

Bradley Lewis1,Thomas Shalvey1,Christopher Don1,Daniya Sindi1,2,Mounib Bahri1,Jon Major1

University of Liverpool1,Umm Al-Qura University2
Over the past 6 years, GeSe has emerged as a potential absorber material for thin film solar cells, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase from 1.5% to 6.1% from just over 10 publications on photovoltaic devices worldwide. With well suited base materials properties such as a high absorption coefficient, thin-film carrier mobility over 25cm2V-1s-1, intrinsic carrier density of 1015cm3 and a direct band gap of 1.3eV, it seems that the main limitation of this material as an absorber is the volume of research focussing on it. With a 2-dimensional orthorhombic Pnma structure, covalently bonded in 2-directions with van der Waals interactions in the other, an optimized deposition method and device structure could offer reduced orientation-dependence on device performance compared with Sb2Se3 absorbers. Alongside potentially more favourable electronic properties and stereochemically active lone pairs, this could enable the production of photovoltaic devices that outperform those with Sb2Se3 absorbers.
Large single crystals of intrinsic, Cu-doped and Ag-doped GeSe have been produced via a vapour transport growth method and these have been analysed in low and high energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, along with electrical characterisation techniques such as Hall effect.

The majority of higher efficiency GeSe photovoltaic absorbers have been produced via vapour transport deposition, mostly in a ‘rapid thermal sublimation’ or ‘close spaced sublimation’ (CSS) based system. The increased performance for this type of deposition had been attributed to a sublimation purification mechanism as a result of high vapour pressure of GeSe and the removal of unwanted Ge and GeSe2 phases. This work focusses on the optimisation of GeSe film growth on both CdS and TiO2 substrates using a CSS deposition system similar to that used for deposition of high efficiency Sb2Se3 and CdTe devices. Alongside it’s benefits in reducing parasitic absorption in the device, it is shown that TiO2 acts as a more optimal window layer choice than CdS for GeSe absorber devices due to the incidence of Cd diffusion during deposition with a CdS window layer, resulting in the formation of CdSe grains in the bulk absorber and a poor interface quality at the junction.
Previous works have utilised an Sb2Se3 interfacial layer between the window layer and the absorber to enable higher efficiency devices above 3% PCE. In this work, the role of this layer is found to provide an anisotropic seed layer for growth of GeSe thin films which improves the quality of the thin-film growth.
A range of hole-transport layers (HTLs) have been applied to the device structure and the effect of these on device performance have been studied. The application of a Spiro-O-MeTAD HTL enables the production of Cd-free GeSe Devices with PCE of up to 2.51%.

Keywords

physical vapor deposition (PVD) | thin film

Symposium Organizers

Jon Major, University of Liverpool
Natalia Maticiuc, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
Nicolae Spalatu, Tallinn University of Technology
Lydia Wong, Nanyang Technological University

Symposium Support

Bronze
Physical Review Journals

Session Chairs

Julien Bachmann
Ilona Oja Acik

In this Session