High-Dimensional Approaches for Immune Profiling of 2D Materials

We recently depicted the “Nano-immunity-by-design” where the characterization of 2D materials is not solely based on their physical-chemical parameters but also on their immuneprofiling. [1] The immune-profiling can be revealed on its complexity by unique, informative ways: high dimensional approaches. [2,3] We exploited high-dimensional approaches, such as single-cell mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry on graphene and other novel two dimensional materials, such as transition metal carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes). [4-6] We revealed that the amino-functionalization of graphene oxide increased its immunocompatibility. [4] Moreover, we combined graphene with AgInS2 nanocrystals, enabling its detection by single-cell mass cytometry on a large variety of primary immune cells. [5] Recently, we reported the immune modulation of specific MXenes, and their label-free detection by single-cell mass cytometry and other high dimensional approaches. [6-7] Together with our published works, I will present unpublished results on a wider variety of novel 2D materials, Mxenes, MoS2, WS2, and bismuthene. Our results conceptualize that chemical and immnological designs of 2D materials offer new strategies for their safe exploitation in biomedicine.<br/>[1] Gazzi A et al… and Delogu LG*. Graphene, other carbon nanomaterials and the immune system: toward nanoimmunity-bydesign. J Phy Mat (2020).<br/>[2] Fusco L et al… and Delogu LG*. Graphene and other 2D materials: a multidisciplinary analysis to uncover the hidden potential as cancer theranostics. Theranostics (2020).<br/>[3] Weiss C et al… and Delogu LG*. Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS Nano (2020)<br/>[4] Orecchioni M et al… and Delogu LG*. Single-cell mass cytometry and transcriptome profiling reveal the impact of graphene on human immune cells. Nature Communications (2017).<br/>[5] Orecchioni M et al… and Delogu LG*. Toward High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis of Graphene Oxide Biological Impact: Tracking on Immune Cells by Single-Cell Mass Cytometry. Small (2020).<br/>[6] Unal MA et al. and Gogotsi Y*, Delogu LG*, Yilmazer A*. Nanotoday (2021).<br/>[7] Fusco L, Gazzi A et al. and et al. and Gogotsi Y*, Delogu LG*, Advanced Materials (2022).