Reinforcing Strategy in The Fabrication of GO-Reinforced Al-Matrix Composite Using Single Pass Friction Stir Processing

The influence of carbonaceous components (graphene oxide, GO) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) matrix composite fabricated by single-pass friction stir solid-state processing (FSP) is studied. GO powder is introduced onto the commercially pure Al plate using adhesive, eliminating typical secondary manufacturing stages. As a result, this technique becomes more cost-effective and energy-efficient than other conventional approaches. The presence of GO within the Al matrix is initially characterized using Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry, followed by detailed electron microscopy studies. TEM studies show a reasonable amount of dislocation accumulation at the matrix particle interface without other chemical reactions. Due to continuous dynamic recrystallization, EBSD analysis reveals a significant grain refinement in FSPed Al (FSP-only condition without GO reinforcement) and FSP with GO conditions. The microhardness map of FSP with GO characterizes an overall improved hardness value than the FSPed Al and reveals the maximum hardness zone at the advancing side of the stir zone. The advancement of mechanical properties is primarily due to GO particles and their interaction with the Al matrix. The tensile strength and ductility are improved in the FSP with GO condition compared to the base material and FSPed Al condition.