Electrochemical Transistors Monolithically Integrated for Sensing Arrays

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have stimulated new research in biosensor, wearable/e-textile, and neuromorphic applications. However, limitations in micro/nanopatterning of organic semiconductors and topological irregularities often limit their implementation in monolithically integrated circuits as is common in silicon-based electronics. In this presentation we first report on a new vertical OECT architecture (vOECT) enabling excellent and balanced behavior. Next, we demonstrate the successful realization of high-density (up to ~7.2M OECT/cm²) and mechanically flexible vOECT arrays and circuits via facile and generalizable micropatterning of the semiconductor materials by electron-beam lithography. The resulting p- and n-type vOECT active-matrix arrays exhibit excellent electronic characteristics with transconductances of 0.08 – 1.7 S, fast transient times (<100 um) and ultra-stable switching properties (>100k cycles). Furthermore, we demonstrate vertically stacked complementary logic circuits, including NOT, NAND, and NOR gates, which are essential components for digital processing and logic operations.