Fabrication and Characterization of Multidimensional PLA-BaTiO3-MXene Electroactive Composites—Novel Additive Manufacturing for Biomedical Sensing Devices

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a powerful tool for materials fabrication in semiconductor and biomedical industries. This study explores an innovative process for the customized fabrication of these multifunctional composites, focusing on the development of multidimensional electroactive structures for biomedical implantable and wearable sensing devices. The research investigates the fabrication of two- and three-phase multidimensional polymer matrix-based electroactive composites, specifically PLA (3D) -BaTiO3 (0D inclusions) -MXene (2D) systems. These custom architectures are designed to enhance the sensitivity and functionality of lab-on-wafer devices.<br/>The composites are characterized using a comprehensive suite of techniques. Profilometry is employed to assess surface topography and thickness uniformity. Piezoelectric measurements quantify the electromechanical response of the composites, crucial for their application in sensing devices. Impedance spectroscopy is utilized to analyze the electrical properties across a wide frequency range, providing insights into charge transport mechanisms within the multidimensional structures. The integration of 2D MXene structures within the 3D PLA matrix, complemented by BaTiO3 nanoparticles, is expected to yield superior electroactive properties compared to traditional composite systems. This approach paves the way for the next generation of highly sensitive, flexible, and biocompatible sensing devices for medical and wearable applications.