December 1 - 6, 2024
Boston, Massachusetts
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2024 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit
EL03.08.02

Chemically Etched Silver Decorated Titanium Carbonitride MXene (Ag/Ti3CN) for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Cortisol in Biological Fluid

When and Where

Dec 4, 2024
8:30am - 8:45am
Sheraton, Second Floor, Back Bay C

Presenter(s)

Co-Author(s)

Atul Sharma1,Madhurya Chandel2,Agnieszka Jastrzebska2,Sameer Sonkusale1

Tufts University1,Warsaw University of Technology2

Abstract

Atul Sharma1,Madhurya Chandel2,Agnieszka Jastrzebska2,Sameer Sonkusale1

Tufts University1,Warsaw University of Technology2
Stress and unhealthy lifestyles have an undue effect on people’s physical and mental health. As a key hormone responsible for maintaining the normal functioning of human systems, cortisol plays a vital role in regulating physiological activities and monitoring psychological stress. Various nanomaterials, mainly two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, hold great promise in developing rapid electrochemical sensors due to their high surface area, excellent conductivity, and tunable properties. MXenes, a 2D transition metal carbide/nitride or carbonitrides, exhibit transformative characteristics related to their physical, chemical, and environmental properties, making them attractive candidates for sensor applications. The design of metal-doped MXene-based electrochemical sensors holds the potential to revolutionize biomarker monitoring. A novel material based on the chemical etching of Al from the (Ti<sub>3</sub>AlCN) MAX phase without oxidation resulted in silver-decorated (Ag/Ti<sub>3</sub>CN) MXene, which showed enhanced electrochemical properties. The fabrication of Ag/Ti<sub>3</sub>CN was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, and XPS techniques. The resulting MXene-based composite is used as a multilayer electrochemical sensor for highly sensitive cortisol detection to achieve a sub pg/mL detection limit. Fabrication of the disposable and miniturized cortisol sensor is realized on the in-house produced porous laser engraved graphene electrode (PLEG) on thin polyimide (PI) films. The laser engraving employs a CO<sub>2</sub> laser to directly pattern porous and multilayered graphene onto a thin PI surface. The Raman spectrum of the PLEG electrode exhibited three distinguished peaks (D, G, and 2D peaks), confirming the formation of graphene. The fixed ratio of Ag/Ti<sub>3</sub>CN dispersed into the water was sonicated (15 min), drop-casted onto an electrochemically cleaned PLEG electrode, and dried. Later, the electrode surface (Ag/Ti<sub>3</sub>CN/PLEG) was washed to remove the unbound fraction. To quantify cortisol, a differential pulse voltammetric signal was deployed to capture the oxidation current of metabolized cortisol due to the nanozyme activity of the Ag/Ti<sub>3</sub>CN composite using a wireless readout. This was attributed to silver-catalyzed cortisol metabolism and Ag/Ti<sub>3</sub>CN MXene’s excellent conductivity and large electroactive surface area, facilitating charge transfer at the electrode surface and enhancing electrocatalytic activity for cortisol detection. Under optimal experimental conditions, the proposed MXene-based sensor electrodes could detect cortisol in a broad concentration range from 0.10 pg/mL to 100 pg/mL with a good correlation of (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9891, n=3). The higher sensitivity and notable LOD of 0.012 pg/mL cortisol, with good repeatability and reproducibility. The real-time application of the proposed MXene sensor electrodes was confirmed by testing in buffer and spiked artificial saliva samples with excellent recoveries from 97.8 to 102 % (n=3), demonstrating the practicality and reliability of the platform.<br/><b>Keywords:</b> MXene, 2D material, Graphene, Electrochemical Sensor, Cortisol<br/><b>Acknowledgements: </b>This work was partially funded by the Excellence Initiative: Research University (IDUB) program, Warsaw University of Technology (POST DOC II), and the National Science Centre within the OPUS 18 (UMO 2019/35/B/ST5/02538) project.

Keywords

2D materials | graphene

Symposium Organizers

Deji Akinwande, The University of Texas at Austin
Cinzia Casiraghi, University of Manchester
Carlo Grazianetti, CNR-IMM
Li Tao, Southeast University

Session Chairs

Carlo Grazianetti
Olivia Pulci

In this Session