Vapor and Solution Growth of High-Quality Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

Halide perovskites are showing high promise for next-generation light-emitting diode (LED) technologies, utilising multi-dimensional structures to achieve ever higher performance. Yes, stability remains a significant issue.<br/><br/>Here I will present recent results showing growth of perovskite LEDs by thermal evaporation and solution processing. Through controlled growth, 2D, 3D and 2D/3D junctions can be controllably made by vapor processing, with evidence for expitaxy, leading to high quality emitter layers and reasonable LED performance. On the other hand, by solution processing, islands can be formed which lead to high performances and outcoupling efficiencies in red and blue colours. I will show how we can track the performance of LEDs over time using a range of operando techniques, giving critical information into operational losses and instabilities, which can be in turn fed back into the processing. These results show promise for improving both performance and stability of different coloured perovskite LEDs.