Highly Conductive and Adhesive Zwitterionic Ionogels for Deformable Micro-Supercapacitor

While high-performance gel electrolytes have shown promise for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors, challenges such as insufficient interfacial contact, performance instability, and poor mechanical properties persist. This study introduces a mechanically robust and highly conductive ionogel with improved electrode/electrolyte contact. The ionic liquid (IL) is incorporated into a zwitterionic copolymer network through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. Zwitterions, containing oppositely charged groups, enhance the contact between electrodes and the gel via dipole-dipole interactions, thus improving ion migration pathways. Micro-supercapacitor fabricated with the developed ionogel electrolyte exhibit exceptional electrochemical performance and cycle stability as well as high deformability, demonstrating its suitability for developing soft electronic devices.