Mimics of Natural Matrices Through Supramolecular Assembly

Soft structures in nature reversibly assemble into hierarchical networks with non-linear viscoelastic properties that are central to directing cell activity and tissue assembly. Supramolecular assembly has been used to create hydrogels that mimic the structural aspects of natural materials. However, synthetic approaches generally fall short in replicating the dynamic behaviour of native tissue. Here I will present our work designing supramolecular materials to serve as scaffolding for 3D cell culture and biofabrication. Using coarse grain molecular dynamics, we discovered a novel short peptide based on the “tryptophan zipper” (Trpzip) motif that self-assembles into a hierarchically ordered nanofibrous hydrogel. Trpzip gels display tunable modulus, self-healing characteristics, stress-relaxation behavior, with inherent bioactivity that promotes matrix deposition and cell proliferation. The low yield point and self-healing properties facilitate syringe extrusion with cytoprotection, while also providing scope for use as a support matrix for suspension bioprinting. Integrating complementary polymer networks can expand the range of mechanical properties, allowing increased strength and toughness, while maintaining desirable viscous characteristics. Overall, harnessing supramolecular assembly with careful design of network architecture holds promise for advancing our goal of mimicking the complex attributes of natures soft materials.